APFCC+-+DiFranza+et+al

APFCC: (addiction - cigarettes) DiFranza et al

 * Theorist ** : DiFranza et al
 * Study ** **of**: Link between positive experience with cigarettes and continued addiction
 * Year ** : 2006

Study on American adolescents used psychological evaluations and interviews to investigate their use of tobacco. They found that if the child experienced a relaxation effect after consuming their first cigarette they were more likely to become addicted.
 * Summary: **

To investigate the link between a first positive experience with cigarettes and continued addiction
 * Aim: **

They conducted interviews, self-tests and the dependence to tobacco was measured based on reported cravings, time dedicated to smoking etc.
 * Procedures: **

They found that if the child experienced a relaxation effect after consuming their first cigarette they were more likely to become addicted, 70% compared to 30%. Then 90% of the 70% who reported feeling relaxation, stated that they were unable to quit.
 * Findings: **

They concluded that it takes much less to become addicted than it was previously thought. This can be both a combination of cognitive and biological factors.
 * Conclusions: **

However this study used mainly adolescents who admitted to have inhaled a cigarette at least once, and most of the data was gathered through self-reporting. Thus there are limitations to its usefulness. However it does show how quickly an addiction to cigarettes can be developed.
 * Criticisms: **

Page 235 - Crane
 * Resources: **