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>>>> || Retention || The observer must be able to remember the behaviour that has been observed || >>>> || Motor reproduction || The observer has to be able to replicate the action || >>>> || Motivation || Learners must want to demosntrate what they have learned. || >>>> || Identification with the model || There is a tendency to imitate models who are like ourselves- for example, in terms of age and gender || >>>> || Rewards/punishment || Bandura argues that people learn from observing what happens to others; they don't have to experience the consquences themselves. This is called vicarious reinforcement in bandura's theory and happens when we watch people around us- whether in reality or in movies. Called observational learning. || >>>> || Liking the model || Friendly models are more likely to be imitated that uncaring models. ||
 * A norm is a set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individaul ought to behave.
 * Regulate behaviour in a group
 * When individauls deviate from societal or cultural norm,s they are often punished, marginalized or stigmatized.
 * Also sometimes seen as creative.
 * Need to belong plays strong role in the desire to conform to group norms.
 * Social Learning Theory
 * Bandura's
 * Theory assumes that humans learn behaviour through observational learning
 * Social learning involvews the following factors
 * Attention || The person must first pay attention to the model ||
 * Attention || The person must first pay attention to the model ||
 * Other factors that might influence learning
 * Consistency || If the model behaves in a way that is consisted across situations- for example, always bieng brace, then the boserver will be more likely to imitate them than if the model behaves in different ways depending on the situation ||
 * Consistency || If the model behaves in a way that is consisted across situations- for example, always bieng brace, then the boserver will be more likely to imitate them than if the model behaves in different ways depending on the situation ||
 * Social learning theory has been used to explain many things but particularly the role of violence in the media on aggression in children.
 * Experiment
 * Name:
 * Bandura
 * Aim:
 * To see if children would imitate aggression modelled by an adult; and second, to know if children were more likely to imitate same-sex models.
 * Procedure
 * Children aged 3-6 years divided into groups. Groups mached with regard to aggression basd on evaluation by parents and teachers
 * Group one exposed to adult model who bashed a 'bobo' doll.
 * Group two observed non-aggressive adult who played with different toys
 * Group three (control) did not see any model.
 * After watching, taken in a room with toys, then moved into another room with the Bobo doll.
 * Findings
 * Children who had observed the aggressive models were significantly more aggressive with the doll- physically and verbally.
 * Girls more likely to imitate verbal aggression, boys physical.
 * Conclusion
 * Children can learn behaviours from others as part of social learning theory
 * Criticism
 * Low ecological validity
 * Carried out in laboratory
 * Very brief encounter with the model, and the children are intentionally frustrated after tey begin to play with a toy.
 * Does very little to predict what happens if a child is repeatedly exposed to aggressive parents or violence on television.
 * Does the aggression against a bobo doll include learned aggression in general, or is it highly specific to this situation?
 * Aggression modelling was not completely standardised, meaning that the children may have observed differences in the aggression displayed.
 * Participants matched based on subjective observation
 * Children may have acted aggressively because they thought it would please the researcher
 * Ethics- observing adult strangers act in such a violent manner might be frightening to children.
 * Questionable whether it si appropriate to teach childrenv olent behaviour.
 * No guarantee that once violent behaviour was learned, it would not become a permanent feature of the child's behaviour, or be generalized to other situations.
 * Sabido method- creating dramas with identifiable characters to have the audience learn behaviours from.